Instead of going into bankruptcy, everyone, including the States, was provided with the opportunity to use the new Federal Reserve Notes, called (incorrectly) “lawful money” grounded in perpetual debt of the “eligible paper” which formed the assets of the Federal Reserve and the National Banks, These are also known as “units of monetized debt”. reduced or started paid back for anything since that infamous day of June 5, 1933 when Roosevelt willfully and knowingly stole Our gold and gave it to a bunch of foreign bankers. (Lawfully, debts can only be paid with money – money as defined by the Law of the Land – The Constitution – being gold and silver coin. Anything else is not lawful money and cannot therefore lawfully “pay a debt”.) Thus, overnight, We The People became liable for specific performance on the basis of a debt action of assumpsit under the personal Rules Provider, operating outside of the Constitution and imposing an Equitable jurisdiction. A jurisdiction in which no one has any rights, where one can be compelled summarily to deliver his property without trial by Common Law jury. And the debts to the private bankers keep mounting ever higher.
Admiralty and you can maritime jurisdiction comprises 2 kinds of circumstances: (1) the individuals associated with acts the full time with the large seas or other navigable oceans, and you will (2) the individuals
A freeborn, Sovereign Western private can’t be pressed toward continuous debtorship and you will unconscious servitude, that’s, feudalistic performance on the behalf of, and for the advantageous asset of, any individual, real or juristic, against his Thirteenth Post regarding Amendments for the Composition of your United states of america. Nor can also be The guy end up being required, by-law, to just accept, or even promote advised say yes to accept, a fair legislation international in order to his Costs regarding Legal rights.
In the very beginning out of regulators beneath the Constitution , Congress conferred with the government area process of law personal cognizance “of all the municipal causes of admiralty and you can maritime jurisdiction, . . . . . . ; rescuing in order to suitors, in all times, just the right away from a common Laws remedy, the spot where the Common law are competent to provide;. . .” (step one STAT 77, Area nine (1789))
Put differently, the next form of circumstances have to have a primary connection with maritime trade
Because this jurisdiction was held is personal, the efficacy of regulations on a single topic must necessarily getting throughout the federal legislature rather than on county legislatures.
Congress enacted the Limited Liability Act on March 3, 1851. It is codified at Title 46, United States Code, Sections 181-189 firstmet review, as amended in 1875, 1877, 1935, 1936 and the Act of 1884. It intended to cover the entire subject of limitations, and to invest the U. S. District Courts with exclusive original cognizance of all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, exclusive of the States. This means that the States do not have any jurisdiction in admiralty and maritime matters, whatsoever.
Suits in admiralty traditionally took the form of a proceeding in the rem against the vessel, and, with exceptions to be noted, such proceedings when you look at the rem are confined exclusively to federal admiralty courts, because the grant of exclusive jurisdiction to the federal courts by the Judiciary Act of 1789 has been interpreted as referring to the traditional admiralty action, the inside the rem action, which was not familiar for the Common-law.
State courts are forbidden by the Constitution to have Admiralty jurisdiction. While State courts are permitted to handle and try Admiralty cases if the suitor desires, it should be an Admiralty matter before everything else and it must involve property, otherwise there would not be a Common Law remedy. In other words, the Common Law courts would not be competent to handle it. More than this, it would need to be tried in a Common Law court, following Common Law procedures (not Equity procedures) with a Trial by a Common Law jury.
